computer composants

 

Computer

Introduction :

A computer is an electronic device that can store, retrieve, and process data. It can be used for a wide variety of tasks, including word processing, playing games, and creating and editing images. Computers typically consist of a central processing unit (CPU), memory, storage, and input/output (I/O) devices.

Cpu :

A CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the main component of a computer system. It is responsible for carrying out instructions and performing calculations. It is the "brain" of the computer, and is responsible for controlling all of the other components.

Ram :

RAM (Random Access Memory) is a type of computer memory that can be accessed randomly, meaning any byte of memory can be accessed without touching the preceding bytes. RAM is used to store data and programs that are currently in use. It is much faster to read from and write to than other kinds of storage, such as a hard disk drive, solid-state drive, or optical drive.

Rom :

ROM (Read-Only Memory) is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices. It is used to store permanent or semi-permanent data, such as the computer's firmware, operating system, or application programs. ROM is typically used to store the start-up instructions for a computer or other electronic device.

Cmos :

CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) is a type of integrated circuit used in computers and other electronic devices. It is used to store information such as system configuration settings, system time and date, and other system parameters. CMOS is also used to store BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) settings.

Bios :

A BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is a type of firmware used to perform hardware initialization during the booting process (power-on startup) and to provide runtime services for operating systems and programs. The BIOS is typically stored on a flash memory chip on the motherboard, but sometimes it is stored in a ROM chip. It is responsible for testing the system hardware components, initializing the system configuration, and loading the operating system.

Chipset :

A chipset is a group of integrated circuits that manage the data flow between the processor, memory, and peripherals. It is essentially the brain of the computer, controlling communications between all of the different components.

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Input output devices :

Input Devices:

1. Keyboard : A keyboard is a hardware device that is used to input text, numbers, and other commands into a computer. It consists of a set of keys that are pressed to enter data into the computer.

2. Mouse : A mouse is a pointing device used to control the movement of a cursor on a computer screen. It is typically held in the hand and manipulated with the fingers. The mouse typically has two buttons, a left button and a right button, and a scroll wheel between the two.

3. Scanner : A scanner is a device that captures images from photographic prints, posters, magazine pages, and similar sources for computer editing and display. Scanners come in hand-held, feed-in, and flatbed types and for scanning black-and-white only, or color. Very high resolution scanners are used for scanning for high-resolution printing, but lower resolution scanners are adequate for capturing images for computer display.

4. Microphone : A microphone of a computer is a device that converts sound into an electrical signal. It is used to capture audio for recording, broadcasting, and voice recognition.

5. Joystick  : A joystick is a type of computer input device used to control movement in two or three dimensions. It is typically used to control video games, but can also be used to control other devices, such as robots or remote-controlled vehicles. Joysticks are usually hand-held and feature a number of buttons, as well as a directional control.

6. Touchscreen : A touchscreen is a computer display screen that is also an input device. It allows a user to interact with the computer by touching images or words on the screen. Touchscreens are commonly used on smartphones, tablets, and other portable devices, as well as on kiosks and point-of-sale systems.

7. Camera : A camera of a computer is a device that captures still images or videos. It is typically connected to the computer via a USB cable or built-in to the computer. It is used for a variety of purposes, such as video conferencing, taking pictures, recording videos, and more.

Output Devices:

1. Monitor : A monitor is a piece of computer hardware that is used to display images generated by the computer's video card. It is the main output device used to view the information processed by the computer. Monitors come in a variety of sizes, resolutions, and types, including LCD, LED, and CRT.

2. Printer : A printer is a peripheral device that produces a hard copy of text and graphics from a computer. Printers are connected to computers either by a cable or wirelessly. Common types of printers include inkjet, laser, and thermal printers.

3. Projector : A projector is a device that projects an image or video onto a surface, usually a wall or screen. Projectors are commonly used in business presentations, classrooms, and home theaters. They are available in a variety of sizes and resolutions, and can be used with a variety of devices, such as computers, DVD players, and gaming consoles.

4. Speakers : A computer speaker is a device that outputs sound from a computer. It is usually connected to the computer via a 3.5mm audio jack, USB port, or Bluetooth. Computer speakers come in a variety of sizes and styles, from small, portable speakers to large, powerful ones.

5. Headphones : Headphones are a type of audio output device used to listen to audio from a computer, smartphone, or other device. They are typically connected to the device via a 3.5mm audio jack, USB port, or Bluetooth. Headphones allow users to privately listen to audio without disturbing others in the same room.

6. Plotter : A plotter is a type of printer used for printing vector graphics. It is used mainly in technical drawing and CAD applications. Unlike a regular printer, a plotter uses a pen to draw images on a piece of paper. The pen is moved across the paper by a computer-controlled mechanism, allowing for precise control of the output. Plotters are used to produce high-quality line drawings, such as engineering drawings, architectural plans, and maps.

7. Braille Reader : A Braille Reader of computer is a device that reads text in Braille and converts it into a digital format that can be read by a computer. It is typically used by people who are blind or visually impaired to access digital information.