Computer network and protocols

 

Computer network and protocols

 

What is computer network ?

A computer network is a group of computers and other devices connected together to share information and resources. Networks can be as small as two computers connected together or as large as millions of computers connected together across the world. Networks allow users to communicate, share files, access the internet, and more.

How computer communicate in network ?

Computer networks use a variety of communication protocols to enable computers to communicate with each other. These protocols define how data is formatted, addressed, transmitted, routed, and received. Common network communication protocols include Ethernet, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and cellular networks. Each protocol has its own set of rules and standards that must be followed for successful communication.

what is computer network protocol communication ?

Computer network protocol communication is the process of exchanging data between two or more computers over a network. It involves the use of protocols, which are sets of rules that govern how data is transmitted and received. Protocols are used to ensure that data is sent and received in the correct format, and that it is secure and reliable.

List of protocol communication network computer :

1. Ethernet : Ethernet is a family of computer networking technologies commonly used in local area networks (LANs). It defines the physical and data link layers of the OSI model. Ethernet uses the CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) access method to handle simultaneous demands. It is the most widely used LAN technology, with speeds ranging from 10 Mbps to 100 Gbps.

2. Wi-Fi : Wi-Fi is a wireless networking technology that uses radio waves to provide high-speed network and Internet connections. It is based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards, which includes several types of protocols such as 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, and 802.11ac.

3. Bluetooth : Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard that uses short-range radio signals to communicate between devices. It is a communication protocol that allows two or more devices to communicate wirelessly over short distances. Bluetooth is used to connect devices such as headphones, keyboards, mice, and speakers to computers, tablets, and smartphones.

4. Token Ring : Token Ring is a networking protocol developed by IBM in the 1980s. It is a type of local area network (LAN) protocol in which all computers are connected in a ring or star topology and a token or special frame is passed around the ring. The token contains control information that allows only one computer at a time to transmit data. Token Ring networks can support data transfer rates of 4 or 16 Mbps.

5. FDDI : FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) is a standard for data transmission on fiber optic lines in a local area network (LAN) that can extend in range up to 200 kilometers (124 miles). It is a token passing network protocol, based on the physical token ring protocol. FDDI provides a 100 Mbit/s optical standard for transmission in a local area network. It uses optical fiber as its standard underlying physical medium, although it was also later available over copper.

 

6. ATM : The ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) protocol is a networking protocol used for high-speed data transmission. It is a connection-oriented protocol that uses fixed-length packets called cells to transfer data. ATM is used for both voice and data transmission, and is used in a variety of applications, including broadband access, video conferencing, and multimedia streaming.

7. ISDN : ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. ISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an

8. X.25 : X.25 is a packet-switched wide area network (WAN) protocol developed in the 1970s to enable computers to communicate over public telephone networks. It is a layer 3 protocol in the OSI model and is used to provide reliable, connection-oriented data transfer services. X.25 is still used in some parts of the world, but has largely been replaced by more modern protocols such as Frame Relay and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM).

9. Frame Relay : Frame Relay is a packet-switched network protocol used to connect multiple locations together. It is a high-performance WAN protocol that operates at the physical and data link layers of the OSI model. Frame Relay is used to provide cost-effective, high-speed connections between remote sites. It is a connection-oriented protocol that uses virtual circuits to transmit data.

 

10. RS-232 : RS-232 is a standard for serial communication between two devices. It is commonly used to connect computers and other devices, such as modems, printers, and scanners. It is also used to control industrial automation systems. The protocol defines the electrical and timing characteristics of the interface, as well as the format of the data transmitted.

TCP/IP protocol :

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is a set of communication protocols used to interconnect network devices on the internet. It is the foundation of the internet and is used to transmit data between computers. TCP/IP defines how data is formatted, addressed, transmitted, routed, and received.

TCP protocol :

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a standard that defines how to establish and maintain a network conversation via which application programs can exchange data. It is the most commonly used protocol on the Internet and allows two hosts to establish a connection and exchange streams of data. TCP guarantees delivery of data and also guarantees that packets will be delivered in the same order in which they were sent.

Ip protocol :

IP (Internet Protocol) is a set of rules that govern how data is transmitted over the internet. It is the primary protocol used for communication on the internet and is responsible for addressing, routing, and delivering data packets between computers.